什麼是日本的佔領

Occupation (of Japan)

日本在第二次世界大戰中戰敗而遭到佔領。理論上這是一次國際的佔領行動，實際上卻幾乎全由麥克阿瑟將軍一手執行。這次佔領監督着日本士兵及平民從外國遣返，解除了軍武工業，並釋放政治犯。戰時領導人因戰爭罪而受審，其中七人遭到處決。新的憲法賦予人民權力，取代了明治憲法，其中日本聲明無權發動戰爭，天皇被降至儀式地位，而婦女有了選舉權。佔領時期也進行土地改革，減少農民數量，其中佃農比例從46%減至10%，並開始解散財閥。工會最初受到鼓勵，但由於害怕左翼組織隨着冷戰到來而成長，後來支持政府強力控制勞工。被視為精英主義的教育體系往美國體系的方向修正。1947年雖然美國想要結束佔領，蘇聯卻否決了一項和平條約，而在1951年另外簽約，翌年才結束佔領。

1945～1952年

Occupation (of Japan)

Occupation of Japan after its defeat in World War II. Theoretically an international occupation, in fact it was carried out almost entirely by Gen. Douglas MacArthur. The Occupation oversaw the repatriation of Japanese soldiers and civilians abroad to Japan, the dismantling of arms industries, and the release of political prisoners. Wartime leaders stood trial for war crimes and seven were executed. A new constitution, vesting power in the people, replaced the Meiji Constitution; in it Japan renounced its right to wage war, the emperor was reduced to ceremonial status, and women were given the right to vote. The Occupation also carried out land reform, reducing the number of farmers who were tenants from 46% to 10%, and began the breakup of the zaibatsu. Labor unions were initially encouraged; as fears of leftist organizations grew with the advent of the Cold War, stronger governmental control of labor was supported. The education system, seen as elitist, was revised to resemble the U.S. system. Though the U.S. wanted to end the Occupation in 1947, the Soviet Union vetoed a peace treaty; in 1951 a treaty was signed, and the Occupation ended the following year.