什麼是戴克裏先

Diocletian

拉丁語全名為Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus，原名Diocles。

羅馬皇帝（285～305年在位）。他在西元3世紀近乎無政府狀態中重建有效率的帝國政府，暫時遏止了西方帝國的衰落。曾在羅馬皇帝卡里努斯（283～285年在位）手下工作，當時，卡里努斯的兄弟、共治皇帝努梅里安被發現死在御輿中。戴克裏先的部下擁護他為皇帝。在他初即帝位時，他的實權僅限於他的軍隊所控制的地區－－小亞細亞，可能還有敍利亞。卡里努斯攻擊戴克裏先（285），但在獲勝前遭到暗殺，使戴克裏先成為唯一的皇帝。他決心使軍隊脱離政治，重新建立國內秩序。實行四帝並治以分散他的影響力和平定叛亂。他改組了帝國財政、行政和軍事組織，為東方的拜占庭帝國奠定了基礎，暫時遏止了西方帝國的衰落。303～304年頒佈四項敕令對基督徒進行迫害，這是最後一次的大規模迫害行動。他於305年退位。

245～316年

Diocletian

Roman emperor (284-305) who restored efficient government after the near anarchy of the 3rd century. He was serving under the emperor Carinus (r. 283-85) when the co-emperor, Carinus' brother Numerian, was killed. Diocletian's army declared him emperor, but his domain was restricted to Asia Minor and possibly Syria. Carinus attacked Diocletian (285) but was assassinated before achieving victory, allowing Diocletian to become sole emperor. He sought to remove the military from politics, and established a tetrarchy (four-ruler system) to spread his influence and combat rebellions throughout the empire. Proclaiming himself and his corulers as gods, he added the trappings of a theocracy to the reign. His fiscal, administrative, and military reorganization laid the foundation for the Byzantine empire in the east and briefly strengthened the fading empire in the west. In 303-4 he issued four edicts decreeing the last great persecution of Christians. He abdicated in 305.