什麼是韓戰

Korean War

北韓和南韓之間爆發的衝突。第二次世界大戰末期，蘇聯軍隊在北緯38線以北接受日軍投降，美軍則在該線以南受降。後來在協商兩半地區統一時失敗，北半部在蘇聯支持下建立起一個共產主義國家（北韓），南半部（南韓）則由美國在背後支持。聯合國安理會後來刪除缺席的蘇聯代表權，通過一項決議要求所有聯合國成員幫助制止北韓的侵略，美國總統杜魯門於是下令美國軍隊支援南韓。剛開始北韓軍隊勢如破竹，把南韓軍隊和聯合國部隊一路進逼到朝鮮半島的南端，但麥克阿瑟將軍成功地運用戰略扭轉了聯合國部隊的劣勢，甚至把聯合國軍隊推進到北韓與中國交界處附近。中國此時開始參戰，並把聯合國部隊逼退到南部。戰線最後沿38線穩定下來。此時麥克阿瑟要求轟炸中國的東北基地，但杜魯門拒絕了該項建議，麥克阿瑟不服，因而被解除了指揮權。艾森豪當選總統後，與北韓締結了停戰協定，前線被接受為北韓與南韓事實上的分界線。韓戰的死亡人數如下︰南韓約130萬人，中國100萬人，北韓50萬人，美國約37,000人，以及聯合國軍隊裏的少數各國人士。

1950～1953年

Korean War

Conflict arising after the post-World War II division of Korea at lat. 38° into North Korea and South Korea. At the end of the war, Soviet forces accepted surrender of Japanese forces north of that line while U.S. forces accepted surrender south of it. Negotiations failed to reunify the two halves, the northern half being a Soviet client state and the southern half being backed by the U.S. In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. The U.N. Security Council, minus the absent Soviet delegate, passed a resolution calling for the assistance of all U.N. members in halting the invasion, and Pres. Harry Truman ordered U.S. troops to the assistance of South Korea. At first the North Korean forces drove the South Korean and U.N. forces down to the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, but the brilliant tactics of Gen. Douglas MacArthur turned the tide in favor of the U.N. troops, who advanced to near the border of North Korea and China. The Chinese then entered the war and drove the U.N. forces back south; the front line stabilized at the 38th parallel. MacArthur favored bombing China at this point and was relieved of his command when he refused to accept Truman's decision to the contrary. Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower participated in the conclusion of an armistice that accepted the front line as the de facto boundary between the two Koreas. The war resulted in the deaths of 1.3 million South Koreans, 1 million Chinese, 500,000 North Koreans, 37,000 Americans, and smaller numbers of other nationals in the U.N. forces.