什麼是希臘內戰

Greek Civil War

希臘共產黨試圖控制希臘而失敗的衝突，分為兩個階段。納粹德國的佔領一直遭受希臘兩個主要遊擊部隊的抵抗，即共產黨控制的民族解放陣線-人民解放軍（簡稱EAM-ELAS）和希臘民主國民軍（簡稱EDES）。衝突起於民族解放陣線-人民解放軍成立了臨時政府，暗示否認希臘國王和他的流亡政府。1944年當德軍自希臘撤軍時，在英國的撮合下，共產黨人與保王的希臘游擊隊共組一個不穩定的聯合政府。由於共產黨成員拒絕解散其游擊隊，1944年末爆發了一場激烈內戰，隨後為英軍鎮壓。希臘大選時，共產黨人和他們的追隨者棄權，希臘國王重新執政。1946年共產黨人再啟全面的游擊戰端，美國負起了保衞希臘的承諾，創造了杜魯門主義為正義的象徵。在山區的小規模戰鬥後，1949年共黨宣告停止公開戰鬥。估計約有50,000希臘人在這次內戰中喪生，留下難以磨滅的痛苦。

1944～1945年；1946～1949年

Greek Civil War

Two-stage conflict during which Greek communists unsuccessfully tried to gain control of Greece. The two principal Greek guerrilla forces that had resisted Nazi Germany's occupation—the communist-controlled National Liberation Front-National Popular Liberation Army (EAM-ELAS) and the Greek Democratic National Army (EDES)—came into conflict after EAM-ELAS set up a provisional government that rejected the Greek king and his government-in-exile. When Germany withdrew from Greece in 1944, the communists and royalist guerrillas were brought together by the British in an uneasy coalition. Because the communist guerrillas refused to disband their forces, a bitter civil war broke out in late 1944 that was put down by British forces. After elections that the communists did not participate in, the Greek king was restored to his throne. In 1946 a full-scale guerrilla war was reopened by the communists. The U.S. government took over the defense of Greece, creating the Truman Doctrine as justification. After fierce skirmishes in the mountains, in 1949 the communists announced the end of open hostilities. An estimated 50,000 Greeks died in the conflict, which left a legacy of bitterness.