什麼是萊特

Wright, Frank Lloyd

美國建築師。在威斯康辛大學短期學習工程。曾在阿德勒和沙利文的建築事務所工作。1893年，開設了他自己的建築事務所。萊特是「草原學派」的主要實踐者。在1900～1910年間，建造了約五十所草原式住宅。早期的非住建築物包括紐約州水牛城市的拉金公司（1904，1950年拆毀）和伊利諾州橡園的統一寺（1906）。1911年開始建造自己的住宅，命名塔裏辛。舒適豪華的東京的帝國飯店（1915～1922年建，1967年拆除）。由於採用革命性的浮動懸臂構造，它是能夠安全挺過1923年東京大地震的僅有幾個大建築物之一。1930年代，構築低造價「烏孫式」住宅，所建造的「落水山莊」的住宅完全大膽地用懸臂挑在一個瀑布的上方，是萊特最受人稱讚的作品，約翰遜制蠟廠（1936～1939）。為現代建築中最優美的辦公廳之一。此後，各類建築的委託任務從世界各地湧至萊特事務所，其中包括古根漢美術館。萊特常被認為是美國最偉大的建築師，他以創造和闡述「有機建築」而着名，此詞係指與居住者和與周圍環境和諧一致的建築物。

1867～1959年

Wright, Frank Lloyd

U.S. architect. Born in Richland Center, Wis., he studied engineering briefly at the University of Wisconsin. He worked for the firm of Dankmar Adler (1844-1900) and Louis Sullivan before opening his own Chicago practice in 1893. Wright became the chief practitioner of the Prairie school, building about 50 Prairie houses from 1900 to 1910. Early nonresidential buildings included the forward-looking Larkin Building in Buffalo, N.Y. (1904; destroyed 1950), and Unity Temple in Oak Park, Ill. (1906). In 1911 he began work on his own house, Taliesin. The lavish Imperial Hotel in Tokyo (1915-22, dismantled 1967) was significant for its revolutionary floating cantilever construction, which made it one of the only large buildings to withstand the earthquake of 1923. In the 1930s he designed his low-cost Usonian houses, but his most admired house, Fallingwater, in Bear Run, Pa. (1936), was an extravagant country retreat cantilevered over a waterfall. His Johnson Wax Building (1936-39), an example of humane workplace design, touched off an avalanche of major commissions, including the Guggenheim Museum. Often considered the greatest U.S. architect, Wright became famous for “organic architecture,” buildings that harmonize both with their inhabitants and their environment.