什麼是克魯伯家族

德國鋼鐵製造業王朝。1811年弗里德里希.克魯伯（1787～1826）在埃森建立了一家鋼鐵廠。死後，其十四歲的兒子阿佛列.克魯伯（1812～1887）全權接管了企業。阿佛列供應鐵路和製造大炮所需的鋼鐵，從而發了財；在1870～1871年的普法戰爭中，克魯伯大炮的性能使該企業獲得了「德國的兵工廠」之稱。在阿佛列去世時，該企業已武裝了四十六個國家。德國海軍的崛起以及對裝甲板材的需求使得在他兒子阿爾弗裏德.阿佛列（1854～1902）領導下的企業進一步壯大起來。到他的大女兒貝爾塔（1886～1957）繼承了控制權後，該企業的員工已經超過四萬人。她的丈夫古斯塔夫.馮.波倫-哈爾巴赫（1870～1950）把克魯伯加在他名字的前面；他是個堅定的納粹分子，經營克魯伯帝國至1943年為止，然後傳給了他的兒子阿佛列.克魯伯（1907～1967）。在第二次世界大戰中，克魯伯企業使用奴隸勞動力，是納粹戰爭機器的一個主要部分。後來在紐倫堡起訴了阿佛列的戰犯罪行。1953年盟軍下令拆散這家公司，但由於沒有買家而擱置下來，最後還是由阿佛列重振了克魯伯。

Krupp family

German steel-manufacturing dynasty. Friedrich Krupp (1787-1826) founded a steel factory in Essen in 1811. On his death his son Alfred (1812-1887) took full charge of the faltering concern at age 14. He made a fortune supplying steel to the railways and manufacturing cannons; the performance of Krupp guns in the Franco-German War of 1870-71 led to the firm's being called “the Arsenal of the Reich.” At Alfred's death he had armed 46 nations. The rise of the German navy and the need for armor plates further enriched the company under his son Friedrich Alfred (1854-1902). By the time Friedrich Alfred's elder daughter, Bertha (1886-1957), inherited control of the firm, it employed more than 40,000 people. Her husband, Gustav von Bohlen (1870-1950), affixed Krupp to the beginning of his name; an ardent Nazi, he ran the Krupp empire until 1943, when he was succeeded by their son Alfried Krupp (1907-1967). The Krupp works used slave labor during World War II and were a major part of the Nazi war machine; Alfried was later convicted of war crimes at Nürnberg. An Allied order to break up the company in 1953 languished for lack of a buyer, and Alfried eventually restored the Krupp fortune. See also Thyssen Krupp Stahl.