什麼是蕭士塔高維奇

Shostakovich, Dmitri (Dmitriyevich)

俄羅斯作曲家。出生於知識分子家庭，並由於青年時代發生的政治騷動，十三歲就進入聖彼得堡音樂學院學習。他所創作的第一交響曲（1925）引起了國際注意。作品顯示出其能夠充分駕馭大調的能力。能表現多種風格，既有樸實的抒情，又有辛辣的諷刺，還有宏偉的史詩。他以後創作的交響曲以及《鼻子》（1928）、《黃金時代》（1930）和《姆欽斯克的馬克白夫人》（1932）等戲劇作品，可能是他最「現代派」的作品。《真理報》對《姆欽斯克的馬克白夫人》的批評，很有可能出自史達林，迫使蕭士塔高維奇採用了一種完全不同的風格。他於戰時創作的《第七交響曲》，被認為是對德軍入侵的描繪，成為愛國主義的象徵。在政府公開譴責其音樂後（1948），他再次消沈，並寄個人情緒於室內樂作品中，尤其體現在他的十五首四重奏中。1950年代後期解凍之後，他創作了兩部極為個性化的交響曲，包括13號以及《巴比雅》（1962）。他被認為是史特拉汶斯基之後最偉大的俄國作曲家。

1906～1975年

Shostakovich, Dmitri (Dmitriyevich)

Russian composer. Shaped by his intellectual parents and the political turmoil of his youth, he was admitted to the St. Petersburg Conservatory at 13. His Symphony No. 1 (1925) attracted international attention, displaying such distinctive traits as a convincing command of a large scale and an expressive palette ranging from unaffected lyricism to bitter satire to grand heroics. His next symphonies and such theater works as The Nose (1928), The Age of Gold (1930), and Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (1932) were perhaps his most “modernistic” works. The denunciation of Lady Macbeth in Pravda (1936), perhaps by Joseph Stalin himself, led to his adopting a very different style. His wartime Symphony No. 7, thought to portray the German invasion, became a symbol of patriotism. After his music was denounced by the government in 1948, he was again devastated, and began putting his most personal feelings into chamber works, particularly the remarkable 15 string quartets. With the “thaw” of the late 1950s, he composed two outspokenly personal late symphonies, including no. 13, “Babi Yar” (1962). He is remembered as the greatest Russian composer to follow I. Stravinsky.