什麼是雷諾瓦

Renoir, (Pierre-)Auguste

法國畫家。父親是利摩日的裁縫，1844年全家遷居巴黎。十三歲時當陶瓷裝飾工，晚間學習繪畫。與同學莫內建立親密友誼，後成為巴黎印象派畫家的重要成員。他的早期作品是真實生活的印象派快照，充滿閃耀的彩色和光線。早期的傑作包括《煎餅磨坊》（1876）和《船上的午餐》（1881）。1881～1882年間到義大利訪問，研究了拉斐爾的繪畫，在他的畫中注入了明晰線條和光滑着色的表現力。1880年代中期，他與印象主義決裂，而在作品中應用更有訓練的正規技術，如作品《浴女》（1884～1887），強調容量、形式、輪廓和線條。在後來的作品中，他離開古典的嚴格規則來畫多彩的靜物、肖像、裸體以及他於1907年定居的法國南部的風景。1912年風濕病把他限制在輪椅上，但他從不停止作畫，常常將畫筆固定在手上。尚.雷諾瓦是他的兒子。

1841～1919年

Renoir, (Pierre-)Auguste

French painter. His father, a tailor in Limoges, moved with his large family to Paris in 1844. Renoir began working as a decorator of porcelain at 13 and studied painting at night. He formed a close friendship with his fellow student Claude Monet and became a leading member of the Paris Impressionists. His early works were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light. Among his early masterpieces are Le Moulin de la Galette (1876) and The Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881). A visit to Italy (1881-82) introduced him to Raphael and the expressive force of clear line and smooth painting, and by the mid-1880s he had broken with Impressionism to employ a more disciplined, formal technique. In works such as Bathers (1884-87), he emphasized volume, form, contours, and line. In his later works, he departed from the strict rules of Classicism to paint colorful still lifes, portraits, nudes, and landscapes of southern France, where he settled in 1907. Rheumatism confined him to a wheelchair by 1912, but he never ceased to paint, often with his brush attached to his hand. Jean Renoir was his son.