定語從句是什麼
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定語從句也稱關係從句、形容詞性從句,一個句子跟在一名詞或代詞(先行詞)後進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。通俗來講,從句在整個句子中做定語,這個從句就叫做定語從句。
從句在主句中充當定語成分,被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。定語從句由關係詞(關係代詞、關係副詞)引導,關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。
1、關係代詞引導的定語從句
①who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
②Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
③which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在從句中作賓語)
2、關係副詞引導的定語從句
關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
①when, where,why
關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
②that代替關係副詞
that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
定語從句是什麼
定語從句,就是用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子,起到定語的作用,所以叫做 定語從句。 定義 被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它需要放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。定語從句一般由 關係代詞來引導。關係代詞必須放在定語從句之首。定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出。 關係代詞引導的定語從句 關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語) 2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。 3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語) 關係副詞引導的定語從句 關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。 1)when, where, why 關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關係副詞 that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。 判斷關係代詞與關係副詞 方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。 例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示 出。) (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯繫在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。
什麼是定語從句?
定語從句,一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞後(先行詞)進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。在主句中充當定語成分。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同於單詞作定語的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之後。
定語 從句由關係詞(關係代詞、關係副詞)引導,關係代詞、關係副詞位於定語從句句首。
擴展資料:
從句結構
定語從句公式:定語從句=先行詞+關係詞+從句
先行詞:指被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。一般先行詞出現在定語從句的前面。
關係詞:關係詞常有3個作用:
①連接作用,連接主句和定語從句。
②指代先行詞。
③在定語從句中擔當成分。
參考資料來源:百度百科-定語從句
定語從句是什麼?
定語從句的分類:
限制性定語從句和非限制性的定語從句
限制性定語從句不用逗號與主句分開,對所修飾的詞起特指或限定的作用,去掉後意思不完整或不太清楚。翻譯成中文時,一般把定語從句翻譯在先行詞之前。
引導限制性定語從句的關係代詞有who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which,
of
which和關係副詞when,
where,
why等。
eg.
This
is
the
man
who
helped
me.
I
was
the
only
person
in
our
office
that
was
invite
to
the
palace
ball.
非限制性的定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,只對被修飾的詞語或主句起補充説明的作用,去掉後對句意影響不大。翻譯時通常把定語從句翻譯在先行詞後邊,作為附加説明。
引導非限制性定語從句的關係代詞有who,whom,
whose,
which,
as和關係副詞when,
where,一般不用that
引導。
eg.
I
have
two
sisters,
who
are
both
doctors.
Last
Sunday
they
reached
Shanghai,
where
a
meeting
was
holding.
定語從句的考查熱點
1.間隔式定語從句
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之後,但定語從句先
行詞之間有時會插入別的成分,構成先行詞與定
語從句的隔離。
eg.
This
is
the
article
written
by
him
that
I
spoke
to
you
about.
He
was
the
only
person
in
this
country
that
was
invited.
(1).
因定語從句過長,為使句子保持平衡,通常定語從句和其所修飾的名詞或代詞分開。
eg.
The
film
brought
the
hours
back
to
me
when
I
was
taken
good
care
of
in
that
faraway
villiage.
(2).
在定語從句中使用“插入語”以增加句子的靈活性。
eg.
Kate
was
always
speaking
highly
of
her
role
in
the
play,
which,
of
course,
made
the
others
unhappy.
The
pen
I
thought
I
had
lost
is
on
my
desk,
right
under
my
nose.
2.定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致。
當引導定語從句的關係代詞在從句中做主語時,定
語從句的謂語動詞的數的形式應與先行詞保持一致。
eg.
I,
who
am
your
classmate,
will
try
my
best
to
help
you.
He,
who
is
your
classmate,
will
try
his
best
to
help
you.
注意句式:
one
of
+
複數名詞+關係代詞+複數動詞
the
(only/very)
one
of
+複數名詞+關係代詞+單數動詞
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
made
great
progress.
Tom
is
the
only
one
of
my
friends
who
has
been
abroad.
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