什麼是聖經原文

供編纂為聖經的任何原創性口頭或書面材料。在許多聖經書籍的作者身分不明或使用假名的情況下，學者利用內部的證據和聖經評論工具來認定原文並依寫作時間排序。「摩西五經」有四種原文：J 典（原文中稱上帝為雅赫維〔YHWH〕，德文作JHVH）、E典（原文中稱上帝為埃洛辛〔Elohim〕）、D典（體例與〈申命記〉相似）、P典（祭司風格和內容的原文）。從《舊約》中也確認出亡佚書籍的部分，《新約》原文包括原創的文字和口頭傳述。最早的三〈福音書〉具有共同的出處，〈馬太福音〉與〈路加福音〉奠基於〈馬可福音〉和稱為Q來源的亡佚原文，〈約翰福音〉則是另一個獨立的傳統。人們研究聖經原文以揭露經文的歷史，並且儘量回覆原本的內容。學者也分析聖經原文，以重建背後的口頭傳述。

biblical source

Any of the original oral or written materials compiled as the Bible. While authorship of many biblical books is anonymous or pseudonymous, scholars have used internal evidence and the tools of biblical criticism to identify sources and arrange them in chronological order of composition. There are four sources for the Pentateuch: J (sources in which God is called YHWH, German JHVH), eastern (sources in which God is called Elohim), D (sources in the style of Deuteronomy), and P (for sources with priestly style and content). Parts of lost books have also been identified in the Old Testament. New Testament sources include original writings and oral traditions. The first three (synoptic) Gospels have a common source, Matthew and Luke being based on Mark and a lost source called Q; John conveys an independent tradition. Biblical sources are studied to uncover the history of the scriptures and to restore texts as closely as possible to their original content. Scholars may also analyze biblical sources in an effort to reconstruct the oral tradition behind them.