什麼是中日甲午戰爭

Sino-Japanese War

中日兩國因為韓國所引發的衝突，這場戰爭顯示日本已掘起為世界強權，並暴露出中國的衰弱。雖然韓國長久以來一直是中國最重要的附庸國，但日本向來亦覬覦韓國的自然資源與戰略地位。當日本於1875年促使韓國開放門户對外貿易後，韓國本土的激進派與保守分子間的緊張關係，將中、日兩國帶進衝突；前者支持日本並主張現代化，後者則多為中國所支持的韓國政府官員。外國的觀察家預言規模較大的中國軍隊將可輕鬆獲勝，但卻是日本在陸戰和海戰中取得壓倒性的勝利。在馬關（Shimonoseki）條約中，中國承認朝鮮獨立，並割讓台灣、澎湖和遼東半島給日本。但日本後來被迫歸還遼東半島。1937年至1945年間，中國在自己的領土上對抗日本的侵略也稱為中日戰爭。（參閲Manchuguo、Marco Polo Bridge Incident、Nanjing Massacre）。亦請參閲Tonghak Uprising。

1894～1895年

Sino-Japanese War

Conflict between China and Japan over Korea that marked the emergence of Japan as a world power and demonstrated the weakness of China. Though Korea had long been China's most important client state, Japan became interested in it for its natural resources and its strategic location. After Japan opened Korea to foreign trade in 1875, tensions between radical, pro-Japanese Koreans, who favored modernization, and conservative Korean government officials supported by China brought China and Japan into conflict. Foreign observers predicted an easy victory for the more massive Chinese forces, but Japan scored overwhelming victories on both land and sea. In the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China recognized the independence of Korea and ceded Taiwan, the Pescadores, and the Liaodong Peninsula (the last of which Japan was later forced to return) to Japan. China's resistance to Japan's aggression in Chinese territory from 1937 to 1945 is also referred to as the Sino-Japanese War (see Manchuguo, Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Nanjing Massacre). See also Tonghak Uprising.