什麼是康多爾

Candolle, Augustin (Pyrame de)

瑞士植物學家。1796年到巴黎後，曾擔任居維葉的助手和與拉馬克共同修訂他有關植物學的着作。1806～1812年參加了政府委託的對法國植物和農業的調查，1813年發表其最重要的着作《植物學初級理論》，堅決主張把植物解剖學而不是生理學作為分類的唯一基礎，併為此創分類學一詞。康多爾根據居維葉的動物同源器官的概念，提出植物同源器官的概念。康多爾於1817～1841年任日內瓦大學博物學教授。在《植物界自然分類》（兩卷；1818～1821）一書中，他首次提出系統的植物命名法原則。他完成了顯花植物的分類，描述了雙子葉植物一百六十一個科，也明確證明了林奈分類法的不足。他本擬將所有已知種子植物分類，於是撰寫《植物界自然體系序論》（十七卷，1824～1873），但僅完成了該書頭七卷的準備工作。

1778～1841年

Candolle, Augustin (Pyrame de)

Swiss botanist. In Paris (from 1796) he became an assistant to Georges Cuvier and worked with J.-B. Lamarck on revising his botanical works. He carried out a government-commissioned botanical and agricultural survey of France (1806-12). In 1813 he published his most important work, Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, in which he contended that plant anatomy, not physiology, must be the basis of classification, for which he coined the term taxonomy. He introduced the concept of homologous parts for plants (following Cuvier's work on animals). From 1817 until his death he taught at the University of Geneva. He outlined systematic laws of botanical nomenclature (1818-21); his taxonomy suffered from certain weaknesses, but he achieved extensive subdivision of flowering plants, describing 161 families of dicotyledons, and his system supplanted that of Carolus Linnaeus. He completed seven volumes of a descriptive classification of all known seed plants (from 1824).