什麼是巴爾托克

Bartók, Béla

匈牙利作曲家和民族音樂學家。自幼即習得出色的鋼琴技巧。1904年開始研究匈牙利民間音樂，才發現一般認為是匈牙利作品的民間音樂實際上大部分出自住在城裏的吉普賽人。他與高大宜一同從事的田野工作為後來所有的田野研究工作奠定了基礎，他還出版了匈牙利、羅馬尼亞和斯洛伐克等民間音樂的主要研究。巴爾托克還徹底地把民族樂題材和節奏融入自己的音樂作品，賦予其作品最有特色的一面。他也是個卓越的鋼琴家，四處巡迴表演。1940年遷居美國，但在這裏並不十分獲人肯定。作品包括歌劇《藍鬍子公爵的城堡》（1911），芭蕾舞劇《木頭王子》（1923），六首有名的絃樂四重奏（1908～1939），一套鋼琴教本《小宇宙鋼琴集》（1926～1939），《為絃樂器、打擊樂器和鋼片琴而作的音樂》（1936），《管弦樂團協奏曲》（1943）、《為雙鋼琴和打擊樂器而作的奏鳴曲》（1937），兩首小提琴協奏曲（1908、1938），三首鋼琴協奏曲（1926, 1931, 1945），以及一首中提琴協奏曲。他是匈牙利最偉大的作曲家，也是20世紀音樂巨匠之一。

1881～1945年

Bartók, Béla

Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist. He developed a superb piano technique at an early age. In 1904 he set about researching Hungarian folk music, having discovered that the folk-music repertory generally accepted as Hungarian was in fact largely urban Gypsy music. His fieldwork with Z. Kodaly formed the basis for all later research in the field, and he published major studies of Hungarian, Romanian, and Slovakian folk music. He worked folk themes and rhythms insistently into his own music, giving it its most characteristic aspect. He also toured widely as a virtuoso pianist. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1940, where he was inadequately recognized. His works include the opera Bluebeard's Castle (1911), the ballet The Miraculous Mandarin (1923), six celebrated string quartets (1908-39), the didactic piano set Mikrokosmos (1926-39), Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta (1936), Concerto for Orchestra (1943), Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion (1937), two violin concertos (1908, 1938), three piano concertos (1926, 1931, 1945), and a viola concerto (1945). The greatest composer Hungary ever produced, Bartók was one of the giants of 20th-century music.