什麼是阿克巴

Akbar

全名Abu-ul-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar

印度蒙兀兒王朝最偉大的皇帝（1556～1665年在位）。為帖木兒及成吉思汗（Genghis Khan）的後代。當時他的統治只限於旁遮普和德里（Delhi）周圍地區。1562年安伯王公（Amber）與阿克巴聯姻，承認阿克巴的宗主權，拉傑普特人（Rajput）的其他首領也跟進。無論從行政管理的哪一方面來説，阿克巴在爭取印度人合作上比所有前任穆斯林統治者都要成功。1573年阿克巴征服了古吉拉特，1576年吞併孟加拉（Bengal）。在其統治末期先後征服了喀什米爾（Kashmir, 1586），並往南進入德干（Deccan）地區。在行政上，阿克巴採取中央集權政策，所有的文武官員都由他指派。他提倡學術研究、詩歌、繪畫、音樂，使宮廷成為一個文化中心。他還把梵語經典着作翻譯成波斯文，對耶穌會教士呈給他的歐洲繪畫作品也極感興趣。在位時間堪稱是印度一段黃金時代。亦請參閲Babur。

1542～1605年

Akbar

Greatest of the Mughal emperors (see Mughal dynasty) of India (r. 1556-1605). Akbar, whose ancestors included Timur and Genghis Khan, ascended the throne as a youth. Initially his rule extended only over the Punjab and the area around Delhi. The Rajput raja of Amber (Jaipur) acknowledged his suzerainty in 1562, and other Rajput rajas followed suit. Akbar included Rajput princes and other Hindus in the highest ranks of his government and reduced discrimination against non-Muslims. He continued his conquests, taking Gujarat in the west (1573) and Bengal in the east (annexed in 1576). Toward the end of his reign he conquered Kashmir (1586) and moved south into the Deccan. Administratively, he strengthened central power, establishing that all military officers and civil administrators were to be appointed by the emperor. He encouraged scholars, poets, painters, and musicians, making his court a center of culture. He had Sanskrit classics translated into Persian and was enthusiastic about the European paintings presented to him by Jesuit missionaries. His reign was often portrayed as a model by later governments—strong, benevolent, tolerant, and enlightened. See also Babur.