什麼是伊朗諸語言

印歐語系家族中印度-伊朗語（Indo-Iranian）分支的主要次族羣。伊朗諸語言在西南亞和南亞約有八千萬人使用。阿維斯塔語和古波斯語為已知的兩種古伊朗諸語言（Old Iranian languages）。中古伊朗諸語言（Middle Iranian languages，約西元前300年至西元950年）目前已知分為西部和東部兩個族羣。現代伊朗諸語言（Modern Iranian languages）則分為四個族羣，西南族羣包括現代波斯語（法爾斯語）、達利（Dari，位於阿富汗北方）、塔吉克位（於塔吉克和其他中亞共和國）、盧爾語（Luri）、巴克提爾利語（Bakhtiari，於伊朗西南部）和塔特語（Tat）；西北族羣則有庫爾德語（Kurdish，於庫爾德斯坦〔Kurdistan〕使用）、俾路支語（Baluchi，於巴基斯坦西南方、伊朗東南方和阿富汗南方使用）；東南族羣有普什圖語（Pashto，於阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北方使用）和約十種帕米爾諸語言（Pamir languages，於塔吉克東方、阿富汗和中國毗連區使用）；東北族羣有生活於高加索山的奧塞特人（Osset）使用的奧塞特語（Ossetic）、帕米爾高原區之前所使用的雅格諾比語（Yaghnobi）。幾乎所有現念伊朗諸語言都以阿拉伯字母書寫。

Iranian languages

Major subgroup of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. Iranian languages are probably spoken by over 80 million people in southwestern and southern Asia. Only two Old Iranian languages are known, Avestan and Old Persian. A greater number of Middle Iranian languages (c. 300 BC-AD 950) are known; these are divided into a western and an eastern group. Modern Iranian languages have been divided into four groups. The southwestern group includes Modern Persian (Farsi), Dari (in northern Afghanistan), Tajiki (in Tajikistan and other Central Asian republics), Luri and Bakhtiari (in southwestern Iran), and Tat. The northwestern group includes Kurdish (spoken in Kurdistan) and Baluchi (in southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran, and southern Afghanistan). The southeastern group includes Pashto (in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan) and the 10 or so Pamir languages (in eastern Tajikistan and adjacent parts of Afghanistan and China). The northeastern group includes Ossetic, spoken by the Ossetes in the central Caucasus Mtns., and Yaghnobi, formerly spoken in a single valley of the Pamirs. Nearly all the Modern Iranian languages have been written—if at all—in adaptations of the Arabic alphabet.