什麼是馬諦斯

Matisse, Henri(-Emile-Beno?t)

法國畫家、雕刻家和插圖版畫家。原為律師行職員，後對藝術產生興趣，在美術學校（école des Beaux-Arts）隨莫羅（G. Moreau）一起學習。他在國際美術協會沙龍上展出了四幅作品，在政府購買了他的《讀書的女子》（1895）後取得成功。他自信而富有冒險精神，曾嘗試點彩畫法，但最終放棄，轉而學習自然的畫作風格和隨意的點彩畫，也就是後來所謂的野獸主義。之後，他一直堅持野獸主義的畫風。雖然作品主題大部分是家庭的和畫像，仍展現了獨特的地中海神韻。他也從事雕刻，一生留下了約六十幅作品。軍械庫展覽會曾展出他的十三幅畫作。1917年遷往法國裏維耶拉（Riviera），雖然在那裏他的作品不那麼大膽，但仍很多產。1939年後以插圖版畫家活躍畫壇，1947年發表《爵士樂》一書，是他對藝術和生命的回顧，中間穿插了很多精美的「剪刀畫」，即用色紙剪貼的圖案。他生命的最後十三年大多在疾病中度過，多虧有道明會修女照顧，使他得以設計出旺斯宏偉的玫瑰聖母堂（1948～1951）。最着名的作品有《生命的喜悦》（1906）、《紅色畫室》（1915）、《鋼琴課》（1916）和《舞蹈1》、《舞蹈2》（1931～1933）。

1869～1954年

Matisse, Henri(-Emile-Beno?t)

French painter, sculptor, and graphic artist. He was a law clerk when he became interested in art. After study with Gustave Moreau at the école des Beaux-Arts, he exhibited four paintings at the Salon and scored a triumph when the government bought his Woman Reading (1895). Self-confident and venturesome, he experimented with pointillism but eventually abandoned it in favor of the swirls of spontaneous brushwork and riots of color that became known as Fauvism. He remained a Fauve to the end. Though his subjects were largely domestic and figurative, his works exhibit a distinctive Mediterranean verve. He also took up sculpture, and would produce some 60 pieces during his lifetime. The Armory Show exhibited 13 of his paintings. In 1917 he moved to the French Riviera, where his paintings became less daring but his output remained prodigious. After 1939 he became increasingly active as a graphic artist, and in 1947 published Jazz, a book of reflections on art and life with brilliantly colored illustrations made by “drawing with scissors”: the motifs were pasted together after being cut out of sheets of colored paper. He was ill during most of his last 13 years; as thanks to the Dominican nuns who cared for him, he designed the magnificent Chapelle du Rosaire at Vence (1948-51). His well-known paintings include Joy of Life (1906), The Red Studio (1915), Piano Lesson (1916), and The Dance I and II (1931-33).