什麼是財產

法律上指人佔有的東西。財產的概念在不同的文化中有不同的含意。在西方社會，通常被認為是可以有形（如土地和貨物），也可以無形的（如股份、債券或專利）。西方強調財產個人所有權，而許多非西方的社會則不強調或被認為是公眾所有的。財產的使用在西方得到廣泛的規範。在英美法系國家中，土地所有者的利益如被毗鄰的土地使用而受到妨害，那他可以起訴。相似的法令在民法國家中也存在。在西方，財產可以透過不同的手段獲得。「佔有」使個人能成為先前非自己的或他人財產的所有人。而更廣義的佔有財產還包括從以前的主人手中轉讓到自己手中。這樣的轉讓包括出售、捐贈和遺產繼承。亦請參閲adverse possession、community property、easement、intellectual property、prescription、real and personal property。

property

In law, something that is owned or possessed. Concepts of property vary widely among cultures. In Western society, it is generally regarded as either tangible (e.g., land or goods) or intangible (e.g., stocks and bonds or a patent). Individual ownership of property is emphasized in the West, whereas in many non-Western societies property ownership is de-emphasized or conceived on a more strictly communal basis. The use of property is extensively regulated throughout the West. Landowners injured by adjoining land uses may sue in nuisance in the Anglo-American countries; similar actions exist in civil-law countries. Throughout the West, property may be acquired in various ways. “Occupancy” allows one to become the owner of property formerly not owned by anyone. A far more common means of acquiring property is by transfer from the previous owner or owners. Such transfers include sales, donations, and inheritance. See also adverse possession, community property, easement, intellectual property, prescription, real and personal property.