什麼是科比意

Le Corbusier，原名Charles-édouard Jeanneret。

瑞士裔法籍建築師和城市規畫師。父為鐘錶匠，十三歲就開始研究各種表面的漆法和雕刻，後來老師鼓勵他成為建築師。他自學成才，1907～1911年赴歐旅行期間，發展出許多概念，對古典比例、幾何形體、明暗處理和風景背景有所體驗和理解。在巴黎定居後，與畫家歐珍方（A. Ozenfant, 1886～1966）有系統地闡述了純粹主義，這是建立在現代科技的一種美學概念。早期作品包括摩天大樓城市和大量生產的住宅的理論性計畫，他認為「住宅是居住的機器」。1922年在秋季展覽會展出的準備工業化生產的兩所示範住宅表現了前期作品的中心思想，其中西特羅昂住宅表現了他所認為的現代建築的五項特點︰底層透空，只有柱子支承上層；屋頂平台，可用作花園和住宅的一個重要部分；平面佈置開敞；無裝飾的立面；條形的窗，以保證結構框架的獨立性。內部空間表現了明顯的對比︰高敞的起居部分和閣樓式的卧室。戰後的重要作品有馬賽公寓（1945～1952）、朗香的聖母院（1950～1955），以及印度旁遮普邦新首府昌迪加爾的行政建築（始於1950年），使用了粗糙不加修飾的混凝土牆面，巨大的混凝土遮陽板，雕塑式的立面，流線型的屋頂線，宏偉壯麗的坡道等。其着作甚多，為他所創造的世界性前衞建築運動奠定了厚實基礎。

1887～1965年

Le Corbusier

Swiss-French architect and city planner. At 13 he began studying enameling and engraving of watch faces; his teacher encouraged him to become an architect. He developed many of his ideas during his travels through Europe (1907-11). After settling in Paris, Le Corbusier (his assumed name, from the surname of an ancestor) and the painter Amédée Ozenfant (1886-1966) formulated the ideas of Purism, with an aesthetic based on modern technology. His early work included theoretical plans for skyscraper cities and mass-produced housing; he declared that “a house is a machine for living in.” The Villa Savoye at Poissy (1929-30), with its structure raised on slender pillars, open floor plan, long strip windows, and roof terrace, embodied his principles of modern housing. Later works include the Unité d'Habitation and the lyrical chapel of Notre-Dame-du-Haut at Ronchamp (1950-55). His government buildings at Chandigarh, India (begun 1950), with their enormous concrete sunshades, sculptural facades, and swooping rooflines, represent the first large-scale application of his city-planning principles. Le Corbusier's many writings gave a firm foundation to the worldwide avant-garde architectural movement he created.