什麼是蔣介石

Chiang Kai-shek，亦拼作Chiang Chieh-shih、Jiang Jieshi。

國民黨政府在統治中國（1928～1949年）與台灣（1949～1974年）時的領袖。蔣介石在東京接受軍事訓練後，於1918年加入孫逸仙所領導的中國國民黨，試圖鞏固這個陷於混亂的國家的控制權。1920年代，蔣介石成為領導革命軍隊的指揮官，他派遣該部隊擊潰正活躍於北方的軍閥（另見北伐戰爭）。隨後於1930年代，與汪精衞爭奪新建都於南京之中央政府的控制權。在面臨日本侵略滿洲，以及毛澤東於內陸率領共產黨宣示反對的雙重挑戰下，蔣介石決定先摧毀共產黨。但此舉最終證明為錯誤的一步。當中日戰爭於1937年爆發，他被迫與共產黨人組成暫時性的同盟。戰後，中國的內戰繼續上演，終以國民黨於1949年敗退至台灣落幕。蔣介石在台灣的統治，獲得美國經濟與軍事的援助，直到他過世後，才由其子蔣經國接掌領導政府。蔣介石統治台灣期間，儘管獨裁，但在台灣危險的政治地緣形勢下，仍締造出經濟發展、日益繁榮的景象。他之所以失去對中國大陸的統治權，被歸因於其部隊士氣的低落，對民眾的情感欠缺迴應，以及對迫切需要進行社會與經濟變革的中國，缺乏一套首尾一貫的計畫。

1887～ 1975年

Chiang Kai-shek

Head of the Nationalist government in China (1928-49) and later in Taiwan (1949-75). After receiving military training in Tokyo, in 1918 he joined Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Nationalist Party, which was trying to consolidate control over a nation in chaos. In the 1920s Chiang became commander in chief of the revolutionary army, which he sent to crush warlords active in the north (see Northern Expedition). In the 1930s he and Wang Jingwei vied for control of a new central government with its capital at Nanjing. Faced with Japanese aggression in Manchuria and communist opposition led by Mao Zedong in the hinterland, Chiang decided to crush the communists first. This proved to be a mistake, and Chiang was forced into a temporary alliance with the communists when war broke out with Japan in 1937. After the war China's civil war resumed, culminating in the Nationalists' flight to Taiwan in 1949, where Chiang ruled, supported by U.S. economic and military aid, until his death, when his son, Chiang Ching-kuo, took up the reins of government. His years ruling Taiwan, though dictatorial, oversaw the island's economic development and increasing prosperity even in the face of its precarious geopolitical position. His failure to keep control of mainland China has been attributed to poor morale among his troops, lack of responsiveness to popular sentiment, and lack of a coherent plan for making the deep social and economic changes China required.