什麼是勞動經濟學

研究影響勞動者在不同產業、不同工種之中流動分佈的因素，影響勞動者工作效率的因素，以及決定他們勞動報酬的因素的一門學科。一國的勞動力包括所有為收入而工作的人，也包括正在謀求職業的失業者。影響勞工如何發揮才能和應獲取多少工資的眾多因素包括勞動力的品質（諸如勞動者的健康、教育程度、特殊訓練技能的分配和社會地位的流動程度）、經濟的結構性特徵（例如重工業、高科技業和服務業所佔的比例）和法律因素（包括工會的內容和權力、僱主團體和規定最低工資法律的存在）。其他因素如風俗習慣和經濟週期的變化也列入考量。某些一般常見的趨勢是勞動經濟學家們所普遍接受的，例如需要較高階級的教育程度或訓練、該工業在經濟中佔有高比例和高度集中化的工業，這些工作易傾向於較高的工資階級。

labor economics

Study of how workers are allocated among jobs, how their rates of pay are determined, and how their efficiency is affected by various factors. The labor force of a country includes all those who work for gain in any capacity as well as those who are unemployed but seeking work. A multitude of factors influence how workers are utilized and how much they are paid, including qualities of the labor force itself (such as health, level of education, distribution of special training and skills, and degree of mobility), structural characteristics of the economy (e.g., proportions of heavy manufacturing, high-technology, and service industries), and institutional factors (including the extent and power of labor unions and employers' associations and the presence of minimum-wage laws). miscellaneous factors such as custom and variations in the business cycle are also considered. Certain general trends are widely accepted by labor economists; for instance, wage levels tend to be higher in industries that require higher levels of education or training, in economies that have high proportions of such industries, and in industries that are heavily unionized.